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TrueNAS Cluster Configuration | High Availability

Creating a TrueNAS SCALE cluster

Introduction

This document describes how to create a highly available clustered TrueNAS system using RSF-1 software. The base system should consist of two nodes running the latest release of TrueNAS SCALE, with external storage connected to both nodes concurrently (commonly referred to as shared storage) or a pool replicated on a remote node (shared-nothing).

Features

  • ZFS pools created on the shared storage can be failed over between cluster nodes - these are referred to as shared pools.
  • RSF-1 is an Active-Active cluster. This means a pool can be active on, and failover to, any node in the cluster.
  • Multiple pools can be clustered with no interdependencies; meaning you could have two pools on one node and three on another and then fail over all pools from the first to the second, or just one from the second to the first etc.
  • A shared pool can only be imported on any one cluster node at a time. RSF-1 uses disk reservations to enforce this rule to protect data.
  • Any services configured to use a shared pool (such as NFS/SMB) are accessible on the node the pool is imported on.
  • Multiple heartbeats over network and disk (no dedicated heartbeat drive required - integrates with existing ZFS drives with no reconfiguration required)

The TrueNAS System Dataset Pool

TrueNAS saves system configuration information in the System Dataset Pool - usually the first ZFS pool created on the system. The effect of this means that the pool containing that dataset is not eligible for clustering (as the pool containing the system dataset cannot be exported, and attempts to do so will result in failure with a 'unmount failed' message). The solution to this is to move the location of the system dataset to the boot pool (or a pool not being considered for clustering). This is done in the GUI by navigating to System Settings -> Advanced, clicking on Configure on the storage section then selecting the boot pool from the drop down list of pools and finally saving the change. For a highly-available system we would recommend each cluster node has a dedicated boot drive, mirrored if possible1.

Note

When the boot pool is the only imported pool, TrueNAS will always show this as the location of the system dataset. This configuration however is not permanent until it is actually saved. Failure to do so leaves TrueNAS open to the possibility of relocating the system dataset, which can cause issues in the cluster (as outlined above). The rule here is, even if TrueNAS reports the system dataset as residing on the boot pool, make sure that setting is saved, thereby making it a permanent feature (this need only be done once on each cluster node).

TN image 18

Accessing cluster services over the network

With a non clustered storage appliance, services such as NFS, SMB etc. are accessed using the IP address of the storage appliance itself. For clustered systems this causes an issue in that when the pool, and by implication any services reliant on that pool, is migrated to another node, those services become inaccessible using the original storage appliances IP address (as it no longer hosts those services).

RSF-1 solves this problem by associating a Virtual IP address (VIP) with a pool, and by implicaition any services using the pool. The VIP is then migrated with the pool should a fail over occur. Clients then access storage services using the VIPs configured rather than the static IP address of the node itself. This approach means that clients need not be aware of where a highly available service is running, or indeed need reconfiguration when a failover occurs, safe in the knowledge that the VIP will always point to the location of the services in the cluster.

When configuring a VIP in the cluster, either an IP address or a hostname can be used. When using a hostname the cluster needs to resolve this to an IP address. To ensure that this resolution is not dependent on external naming services RSF-1 automatically adds VIP's to the TrueNAS Host Name Database.

Installation and configuration

  1. Start a command shell using the System Settings -> Shell menu item in the TrueNAS GUI

  2. To enable installation of the RSF-1 package the binaries apt, apt-key and dpkg need to be executable: 

    # chmod +x /usr/bin/apt /usr/bin/apt-key /usr/bin/dpkg

  3. Browse to the RSF-1 Offline Package Repo and find the latest version for your version of TrueNAS SCALE. Once the correct package is located download it and associated signature file using wget: 

    # wget https://packages2.high-availability.com/offline-packages/2.1.0/TrueNAS-SCALE/rsf-1-2.1.0-TRUENAS_SCALE24-amd64.deb
# wget https://packages2.high-availability.com/offline-packages/2.1.0/TrueNAS-SCALE/rsf-1-2.1.0-TRUENAS_SCALE24-amd64.deb.sha512
    Calculate the checksum of the downloaded RSF-1 package and ensure it matches the checksum held in the .sha512 file (the checksum generated by sha512 should match the contents of the .sha512 file): 
    # sha512 rsf-1-2.1.0-TRUENAS_SCALE24-amd64.deb
...output...
# cat rsf-1-2.1.0-TRUENAS_SCALE24-amd64.deb.sha512
...output...
    Once the checksum has been verified, install the RSF-1 package: 
    # apt install ./rsf-1-2.1.0-TRUENAS_SCALE24-amd64.deb

  4. In the GUI navigate to Network -> Global Configuration and update the TrueNAS host name database with static entries for the cluster nodes. This step is essential so host name lookup is not reliant on any external services that could potentially fail. Each node should have entries for all cluster nodes in the host name database using the format: 
    IPaddress FQDN hostname
    Here is an example configuration with two static entries in the hosts file:

    TN image 19
  5. Finally, reboot the node.

Configure pools and create cluster

  1. If you haven't already created your cluster storage pool(s) do so now on one of the cluster nodes using the TrueNAS GUI. Also note this must be done using only drives from the shared storage3.

    Shared Nothing

    If creating a shared nothing cluster a pool will need to be created on both nodes with the same name in the TrueNAS GUI. Step 2 below is not required

  2. Check the pool is visible on the second node by running zpool import, then by checking the output against the command zpool status on node-1 you can confirm the gptid's match on both machines:

node-2# zpool import                                   
   pool: pool1
     id: 1093288960321296894
  state: ONLINE
 action: The pool can be imported using its name or numeric identifier.
 config:

    pool1                                     ONLINE
      raidz3-0                                ONLINE
        923587e1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        921f40f7-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        925493e5-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        9227da0b-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        924e32b1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        92288c6d-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        9217ead1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        92272408-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        91fbc95e-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        92188c29-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        923443fa-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        9253dcdc-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        9241a769-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        92339ba1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        922935a7-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        9234e0c5-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        948cdf41-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        9490720c-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        94961bc0-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE
        948fc902-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE


node-1# zpool status pool1               
   pool: pool1
  state: ONLINE
 config:

    NAME                                      STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
    pool1                                     ONLINE       0     0     0
      raidz3-0                                ONLINE       0     0     0
        923587e1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        921f40f7-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        925493e5-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        9227da0b-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        924e32b1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        92288c6d-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        9217ead1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        92272408-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        91fbc95e-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        92188c29-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        923443fa-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        9253dcdc-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        9241a769-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        92339ba1-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        922935a7-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        9234e0c5-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        948cdf41-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        9490720c-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        94961bc0-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0
        948fc902-78d8-11ee-b18a-3daea9f4e77b  ONLINE       0     0     0

    errors: No known data errors
3. Finally, navigate to the RSF-1 secure web interface running on port 8330 on the node where the shared pool is imported5 to complete the cluster configuration.

Configuration and Licensing

To begin configuration, click on Create/Destroy option on the side-menu (or the shortcut on the panel shown when first logging in). The Cluster Create page scans for clusterable nodes (those running RSF-1 that are not yet part of a cluster) and presents them for selection:

TN image 20

Now enter the cluster name and description, and then select the type of cluster being created (either shared-storage or shared-nothing).

If setting up a shared-nothing cluster an additional option to add a node manually is shown at the bottom of the page. This is because RSF-1 will detect nodes on the local network, but for shared-nothing clusters, the partner node could be on a separate network/location, and therefore may not automatically be detected1.

QS image 24

Trial Licenses

If any of the selected nodes have not been licensed, a panel is shown to obtain 45 day trial licenses: QS image 6

Next, the RSF-1 End User License Agreement (EULA) will be displayed. Click accept to proceed:

QS image 7

API Keys

As of version 1.11, RSF-1 requires API Keys to interact with TrueNAS to import/export pools. These can be created in the TrueNAS GUI.

TN image 21

As each key is created add it to the RSF-1 API keys field for the relevant node. Once both keys have been copied, click the TEST API KEYS button to verify the keys:

TN image 13

Finally click the Create Cluster button to initialize the cluster:

QS image 23

When the cluster has been created, you can enable support for disk multipathing in RSF-1 if the disks have already been configured:

QS image 8

This setting can be modified after cluster set-up if needed. It can be found in Settings -> TrueNAS.

Enabling Multipath Support

If the nodes have been configured to use disk multipathing you must enable multipath support otherwise disk reservations will not function correctly. Do not enable if disks are configured for singlepath only.

Clustering a Pool

Highlight the desired pool to be clustered (choose only pools marked CLUSTERABLE ), then select Actions followed by Cluster this pool:

QS image 10

Fill out the description and select the preferred node for the service:

What is a preferred node

When a service is started, RSF-1 will initially attempt to run it on it's preferred node. Should that node be unavailable (node is down, service is in manual etc) then the service will be started on the next available node.

QS image 11

With a shared-nothing pool the GUID's for each pool will be shown:

QS image 25

To add a virtual hostname to the service click Add in the Virtual Hostname panel. Enter the IP address, and optionally a hostname, in the popup. For nodes with multiple network interfaces, use the drop down lists to select which interface the virtual hostname should be assigned to. Click the next button to continue:

QS image 12

Finally, click the Create button:

QS image 13

The pool will now show as CLUSTERED:

QS image 14

Setting up shares on clustered pools

TrueNAS uses a local configuration to save details of shares created for a pool (NFS, SMB etc). When a pool in a cluster fails over from one node to another that share information is not migrated with the pool. For this reason, when setting up a new share on a clustered pool, it is necessary to duplicate the share configuration on each node in the cluster.

For example, in a cluster with two nodes, Node-A and Node-B, with clustered pool nas-shares, to share /mnt/nas-shares/user-data via NFS the following steps are required:

  1. Start the service configured with the nas-shares pool on Node-A.
  2. Add the NFS share:

    TN image 22
  3. Fail over the service to Node-B.
  4. Again add the NFS share using the same parameters as were used on Node-A.

Note - this configuration step needs only be done once on the cluster for each share (but will need to be repeated for each additional share).

Setting up iSCSI share on clustered pools

As with NFS and SMB shares, TrueNAS uses a local configuration to save details of iSCSI shares created for a pool, and thus any new iSCSI share created requires it's config to be duplicated on each node in the cluster.

For example, in a cluster with two nodes, Node-A and Node-B, to create an iSCSI share:

  1. On Node-A, start the service you want to create iSCSI shares on.

  2. Navigate to Datasets and create a Zvol; in this example we have created a 1GB zvol called iscsishare using default options.

    TN image 23

  3. Navigate to Shares -> Block (iSCSI) Shares Targets and create an iSCSI share using the wizard:

    TN image 24

  4. In step 2 (Portal), make sure the IP address entered is 0.0.0.0 (this is so it can be accessed using the cluster VIP that moves with the service in the event of a failover).

    TN image 25

  5. If desired, provide initiators/authorized networks in the next step (in this example it's been left blank so any client/network can connect to the target). Click SAVE:

    TN image 26

  6. Now move the service over to Node-B, and re-create the iSCSI share using the same perameters as used on Node-A

  7. Your iSCSI share should now be discoverable via the VIP (in this example the service VIP is 10.0.0.127)6: 

    root@client:/mnt/iscsi# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 10.0.0.127:3260
10.0.0.127:3260,-1 iqn.2005-10.org.freenas.ctl:iscsishare

Synchronising iSCSI NAA identifiers across cluster nodes

Available in RSF-1 version 2.1+

Some iSCSI clients use identifiers to uniquely identify devices. They are based on specific storage standards in one of the following formats:

  • eui.xxx
  • naa.xxx
  • t10.xxx

Whenever an iSCSI Extent is created, TrueNAS automatically generates and assignes a unique serial number and NAA. In a clustered environment both these fields must be the same on each node for a specific extent, so that on pool failover clients are presented with the same identifiers for uninterrupted operation. However, as each iSCSI extent is created in isolation on each cluster node, initially the serial number and NAA will be different.

In the following example the extent iscsishare has been created on both cluster nodes and, as can be seen, each node has a different serial number and NAA:

Node 1 QS image 15 Node 2 QS image 16

In order to synchronise these fields across cluster nodes navigate to Settings -> TrueNAS in the RSF-1 webapp and click the SYNCHRONISE button to replicate the identifiers to all cluster nodes:

QS image 17

Note

  • It is necessary to synchronise identifiers every time new extents are created.
  • Synchronisation can be run on any node, as often as required.

  1. Startup/running performance can also be improved by using SSD or NVMe disks as the boot drive(s). ↩↩

  2. Because if this service is unavailable when the cluster tries to resolve the hostname then service startup cannot continue in a normal fashion. ↩

  3. If any drives in a clustered pool are local to a node, i.e. do not reside in the shared storage, then this will result in a failure to import on any other cluster node as that local drive will be inaccessible. For this reason it is mandatory that all cluster drives reside in shared storage. ↩

  4. Use the GUI >_ Shell menu item to access the cli. ↩

  5. If the pool is imported on say truenas-node2 then the URL is https://truenas-node2:4330. ↩

  6. TrueNAS uses the default global IQN of iqn.2005-10.org.freenas.ctl suffixed with the name of the share. ↩